Web——安装httpd服务(Nginx)
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Nginx介绍
1.nginx是什么
Nginx是一款高性能、轻量级Web服务软件/反向代理服务器及电子邮件（IMAP/POP3）代理服务 器。
由俄罗斯的程序设计师Igor Sysoev所开发，官方测试nginx能够支支撑5万并发链接，并且cpu、 内存等资源消耗却非常低，运行非常稳定
2.应用场景
1.http服务器
Nginx是一个http服务可以独立提供http服务。可以做网页静态服务器。
2.虚拟web主机
可以实现在一台服务器虚拟出多个网站。例如个人网站使用的虚拟主机。
3.反向代理，负载均衡
当网站的访问量达到一定程度后，单台服务器不能满足用户的请求时， 需要用多台服务器集群可以使用nginx做反向代理。并且多台服务器可以平均分担负载，不会因为 某台服务器负载高宕机而某台服务器闲置的情况。
3.Nginx特点
高可靠
稳定性master进程管理调度请求分发到worker;worker进程响应请求 ;一master多 worker
热部署
1.支持长时间运行不重启平滑升级
2.可以快速重载配置
高并发
单台物理服务器可支持30 000～50 000个并发请求，(epoll模型内核级） 响应快：尤其在处理静态文件上，响应速度很快
低消耗
cpu和内存1w个请求内存平平均使用在2-3MB 分布式支持：反向代理 七层负载均衡
4.Nginx下载
官方网址
http://nginx.org/
版本
| 版本 | 说明 |
|---|---|
| Mainline version | Mainline 是 Nginx 目前主力在做的版本，可以说是开发版 |
| Stable version | 最新稳定版，生产环境上建议使用的版本 |
| Legacy versions | 历史的老版本的稳定 |
编译安装部署Nginx
1.基本规划
1）关闭防火墙
systemctl stop firewalld
systemctl disable firewalld
2）关闭selinux
setenforce 0
vim /etc/selinux/config
SELINUX=disabled
selinux改完重启后生效(init 6 / reboot)
3）源
配置aliyun的源和epel源
已加载插件：fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirrors.aliyun.com
* epel: pubmirror1.math.uh.edu
* extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
* updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
源标识 源名称 状态
base/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Base - mirrors.aliyun.com 10,072
epel/x86_64 Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 7 - x86_64 13,791
extras/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Extras - mirrors.aliyun.com 526
updates/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Updates - mirrors.aliyun.com 6,173
repolist: 30,562
2.创建目录并上传
1）创建存放目录
mkdir -pv /usr/local/src/lnmp
cd /usr/local/src/lnmp/
pwd
2）存放软件包
3.编译安装nginx
(1).安装nginx
1）安装依赖
yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ pcre-devel zlib-devel openssl-devel perl-devel
2）创建nginx系统用户
useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin nginx
3）解压nginx
cd /usr/local/src/lnmp
tar -xvzf nginx-1.16.1.tar.gz
4）预编译nginx
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/nginx \
--user=nginx \
--group=nginx \
--with-http_stub_status_module \
--with-http_ssl_module \
--with-stream ; echo $?
5）编译安装nginx
make -j $(nproc) && make install ; echo $?
6）安装目录介绍
ll /usr/local/nginx/
其中:
conf -----配置文件
html -----默认网站根文件
logs -----日志文件
sbin -----主要二进制程序nginx主程序
(2).nginx设置及启动
1）路径优化（目的是在任意位置执行nginx）
ln -sv /usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx /usr/local/sbin/
ls -lhrt /usr/local/sbin/nginx
2）配置文件语法检查（nginx.conf）
指定Nginx主配置文件，检测语法
nginx -t -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
检测Nginx的语法
nginx -t
3）启动nginx服务
nginx
netstat -anpt | grep :80
nginx ; pgrep nginx ; ps aux | grep nginx ; ps -efL | grep nginx
4）修改worker(尽量和当前CPU数量相同)
vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
grep -n worker_process /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
5）查看及重载Nginx配置
重新检测配置文件语法是否正确
nginx -t
重新加载Nginx配置及进程热重启
nginx -s reload
查看
pgrep nginx ; ps aux | grep nginx ; ps -efL | grep nginx
说明：
1.pgrep nginx 查看名称为nginx的进程号
2.ps aux 查看Nginx进程信息
3.ps -efL | grep nginx 统计Nginx进程数量
6）重载nginx配置文件
killall nginx
nginx -s reload
7）关闭nginx服务
killall nginx
nginx -s stop
8）nginx服务脚本（建议使用2）
1、service服务脚本centos6、7通用
vim /etc/init.d/nginx
#!/bin/sh
#chkconfig: - 33 33
#description: Nginx is a high-performance web and proxy server.
PROG="/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx"
PIDF="/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid"
case "$1" in
start)
$PROG
;;
stop)
kill -s QUIT $(cat $PIDF) &> /dev/null
;;
restart)
$0 stop &> /dev/null
$0 start
;;
reload)
kill -s HUP $(cat $PIDF)
;;
*)
echo "Usage: $0 {start|stop|restart|reload}"
exit 1
esac
exit 0
-------------或使用下面的内容------------------
#!/bin/bash
chkconfig: - 85 15
description: Nginx is a high-performance web and proxy server.
case $1 in
'stop')
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s stop
;;
'start')
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
;;
'restart')
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s stop
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
;;
'reload')
/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
;;
*)
echo 'Usage:service nginx stop|restart|start|reload'
esac
添加执行权限
chmod +x /usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service
chkconfig --add nginx
chkconfig nginx on
service nginx start
2、systemctl服务脚本centos7适用
vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service
[Unit]
Description=nginx - high performance web server
Documentation=http://nginx.org/en/docs/
After=network.target remote-fs.target nss-lookup.target
[Service]
Type=forking
PIDFile=/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid
ExecStartPre=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -t -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
ExecStart=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx -c /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
ExecReload=/bin/kill -s HUP $MAINPID
ExecStop=/bin/kill -s QUIT $MAINPID
PrivateTmp=true
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
添加执行权限
chmod +x /usr/lib/systemd/system/nginx.service
systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl start nginx
systemctl enable nginx
(3).备份
1）备份
cp -av /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf /opt/nginx.conf_lengmx
2）微调配置文件
vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
# 1.用户
#user nobody;
user nginx;
# 2.进程信息
#worker_processes 1; 20260610 9：58
worker_processes auto;
# 3.全局错误日志
#error_log logs/error.log;
#error_log logs/error.log notice;
#error_log logs/error.log info;
# 4.进程启动后的pid信息，pid是一组整数信息
#pid logs/nginx.pid;
# 5.events模块，连接数信息，高并发、大流量的基础配置，默认每个work进程建立的连接数是1024个
events {
worker_connections 1024;
}
# 6.http模块
http {
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
#log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
# '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
# '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
'"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
access_log logs/access.log main;
#access_log logs/access.log main;
sendfile on;
#tcp_nopush on;
#keepalive_timeout 0;
keepalive_timeout 65;
#gzip on;
# 7.Server段，虚拟主机，服务器的配置
# location，一个server段{},可以包含多个location{}
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
#charset koi8-r;
#access_log logs/host.access.log main;
location / {
root html;
index index.html index.htm;
}
#error_page 404 /404.html;
# redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
#
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root html;
}
# proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
#
#location ~ \.php$ {
# proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1;
#}
# pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
#
#location ~ \.php$ {
# root html;
# fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
# fastcgi_index index.php;
# fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
# include fastcgi_params;
#}
# deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
# concurs with nginx's one
#
#location ~ /\.ht {
# deny all;
#}
}
# another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration
#
#server {
# listen 8000;
# listen somename:8080;
# server_name somename alias another.alias;
3）测试
修改完配置文件一定要测试，务必要测试
nginx -t
(4).基于nginx域名的虚拟主机
1）新建虚拟主机目录
cd /usr/local/nginx或者cd /usr/local/nginx/conf
mkdir -pv vhosts
2）引入虚拟主机配置文件
在配置文件添加以下配置，在第52行
include /usr/local/nginx/vhosts/*.conf;
vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
整体如下
# 1.用户
#user nobody;
user nginx;
# 2.进程信息
#worker_processes 1; 20260610 9：58
worker_processes auto;
# 3.全局错误日志
#error_log logs/error.log;
#error_log logs/error.log notice;
#error_log logs/error.log info;
# 4.进程启动后的pid信息，pid是一组整数信息
#pid logs/nginx.pid;
# 5.events模块，连接数信息，高并发、大流量的基础配置，默认每个work进程建立的连接数是1024个
events {
worker_connections 1024;
}
# 6.http模块
http {
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
#log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
# '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
# '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
'$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
'"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
access_log logs/access.log main;
#access_log logs/access.log main;
sendfile on;
#tcp_nopush on;
#keepalive_timeout 0;
keepalive_timeout 65;
#gzip on;
include /usr/local/nginx/vhosts/*.conf;
# 7.Server段，虚拟主机，服务器的配置
# location，一个server段{},可以包含多个location{}
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
#charset koi8-r;
#access_log logs/host.access.log main;
location / {
root html;
index index.html index.htm;
}
#error_page 404 /404.html;
# redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
#
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root html;
}
# proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
#
#location ~ \.php$ {
# proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1;
#}
# pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
#
#location ~ \.php$ {
# root html;
# fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
# fastcgi_index index.php;
# fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /scripts$fastcgi_script_name;
# include fastcgi_params;
#}
# deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
# concurs with nginx's one
#
#location ~ /\.ht {
# deny all;
#}
}
# another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration
#
#server {
# listen 8000;
# listen somename:8080;
# server_name somename alias another.alias;
# location / {
# root html;
# index index.html index.htm;
# }
#}
# HTTPS server
#
#server {
# listen 443 ssl;
# server_name localhost;
# ssl_certificate cert.pem;
# ssl_certificate_key cert.key;
# ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:1m;
# ssl_session_timeout 5m;
# ssl_ciphers HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
# ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
# location / {
# root html;
# index index.html index.htm;
# }
#}
}
3）编写虚拟主机配置
cat > /usr/local/nginx/vhosts/www.lengmoxi.com.conf<<'EOF'
server {
listen 80;
server_name www.lengmoxi.com lengmoxi.com;
access_log /var/log/nginx/www.lengmoxi.com_access.log main;
error_log /var/log/nginx/www.lengmoxi.com_error.log warn;
root /data/www/lengmoxi;
index index.html index.htm;
location / {
try_files $uri $uri/ /index.html;
}
}
EOF
cat /usr/local/nginx/vhosts/www.lengmoxi.com.conf
cat > /usr/local/nginx/vhosts/img.lengmoxi.com.conf<<'EOF'
server {
listen 80;
server_name img.lengmoxi.com;
access_log off;
error_log /var/log/nginx/img.lengmoxi.com_error.log warn;
root /data/www/img;
index index.html;
location / {
try_files $uri $uri/ =404;
}
# 静态资源缓存
location ~* \.(jpg|jpeg|png|gif|ico|svg|webp)$ {
expires 30d;
add_header Cache-Control "public, immutable";
access_log off;
}
}
EOF
cat /usr/local/nginx/vhosts/img.lengmoxi.com.conf
ls -lhrt /usr/local/nginx/vhosts/*.conf
4）解决检测语法时的报错
错误一
加到server块上面
错误二
mkdir -p /var/log/nginx
将目录所有者改为 nginx 用户（根据你的实际运行用户调整）
chown -R nginx:nginx /var/log/nginx
或者直接赋予所有用户写权限（不推荐用于生产环境，但可快速解决问题）
chmod -R 755 /var/log/nginx
nginx -t
重载nginx
nginx -s reload
(5).创建站点
1）创建站点目录并授权
mkdir -pv /data/www/{lengmoxi,img}
chown -R nginx:nginx /usr/local/nginx /data/www/
2）创建默认首页
编辑www.lengmoxi.com的测试文件
cat > /data/www/lengmoxi/index.html << 'EOF'
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh-CN">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>www.lengmoxi.com</title>
<style>
body {
font-family: Arial, sans-serif;
background-color: #f5f7fa;
text-align: center;
padding-top: 100px;
}
.box {
display: inline-block;
padding: 40px 60px;
background: #ffffff;
border-radius: 8px;
box-shadow: 0 4px 10px rgba(0,0,0,.1);
}
h1 { color: #2f80ed; }
p { color: #555; }
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="box">
<h1>www.lengmoxi.com</h1>
<p>Nginx 虚拟主机配置成功 🎉</p >
<p>时间：<span id="t"></span></p >
</div>
<script>
document.getElementById("t").innerText = new Date().toLocaleString();
</script>
</body>
</html>
EOF
cat /data/www/lengmoxi/index.html
编辑img.lengmoxi.com的测试文件
cat >/data/www/img/index.html<<'EOF'
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="zh-CN">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>img.lengmoxi.com</title>
<style>
body {
font-family: Arial, sans-serif;
background-color: #eef2f7;
text-align: center;
padding-top: 100px;
}
.box {
display: inline-block;
padding: 40px 60px;
background: #ffffff;
border-radius: 8px;
box-shadow: 0 4px 10px rgba(0,0,0,.1);
}
h1 { color: #27ae60; }
p { color: #555; }
</style>
</head>
<body>
<div class="box">
<h1>img.lengmoxi.com</h1>
<p>静态资源 / 图片站点已就绪 🚀</p >
<p>可用于 JS / CSS / 图片加速</p >
</div>
</body>
</html>
EOF
cat /data/www/img/index.html
(6).修改host文件
1）修改服务器的hosts文件
vim /etc/hosts
192.168.30.125 www.lengmoxi.com
192.168.30.125 img.lengmoxi.com
2）修改客户机hosts文件
以管理员方式打开记事本，在C:\Windows\System32\drivers\etc中打开hosts
添加
192.168.30.125 www.lengmoxi.com
192.168.30.125 img.lengmoxi.com
(7).测试
1）测试连通性
ping 192.168.30.125
ping www.lengmoxi.com
ping img.lengmoxi.com
2）测试nginx测试页面
www.lengmoxi.com
img.lengmoxi.com
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