Java 智慧养老陪护系统：数据库设计与后端接口源码详解

张 Java

207人浏览 · 2026-03-17 17:46:27

张 Java · 2026-03-17 17:46:27 发布

以下是一个基于SpringBoot框架的Java智慧养老陪护系统的数据库设计与后端接口源码详解，涵盖核心功能模块、数据库表设计、关键后端接口实现及技术选型分析。

一、系统核心功能模块

用户管理：支持老人、家属、护工、管理员多角色注册与权限控制。
健康监测：实时采集血压、心率、血糖等数据，异常时触发报警。
服务调度：根据老人需求与护工技能智能匹配，支持服务预约与状态跟踪。
紧急救援：老人按下SOS按钮后，系统自动定位并通知家属与护工。
药品管理：记录用药信息，定时提醒老人服药，并通知家属。

二、数据库设计

1. 用户信息表（`user`）

sql

CREATE TABLE user (
    user_id BIGINT PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,
    username VARCHAR(50) NOT NULL,
    password VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,
    role ENUM('elderly', 'family', 'nurse', 'admin') NOT NULL,
    real_name VARCHAR(50),
    phone VARCHAR(20),
    id_card VARCHAR(18) UNIQUE,
    address VARCHAR(255),
    create_time DATETIME DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
    update_time DATETIME DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP
);

2. 健康数据表（`health_data`）

sql

CREATE TABLE health_data (
    health_id BIGINT PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,
    user_id BIGINT NOT NULL,
    heart_rate INT,
    blood_pressure VARCHAR(20),
    blood_sugar FLOAT,
    record_time DATETIME DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
    device_source VARCHAR(50),
    FOREIGN KEY (user_id) REFERENCES user(user_id)
);

3. 服务订单表（`service_order`）

sql

CREATE TABLE service_order (
    order_id BIGINT PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,
    elderly_id BIGINT NOT NULL,
    nurse_id BIGINT,
    service_type ENUM('cleaning', 'feeding', 'medical_care', 'other') NOT NULL,
    start_time DATETIME,
    end_time DATETIME,
    status ENUM('pending', 'accepted', 'in_progress', 'completed', 'cancelled') DEFAULT 'pending',
    create_time DATETIME DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
    FOREIGN KEY (elderly_id) REFERENCES user(user_id),
    FOREIGN KEY (nurse_id) REFERENCES user(user_id)
);

4. 紧急求助表（`emergency_alert`）

sql

CREATE TABLE emergency_alert (
    alert_id BIGINT PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,
    elderly_id BIGINT NOT NULL,
    alert_time DATETIME DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
    location VARCHAR(255),
    status ENUM('pending', 'processing', 'resolved') DEFAULT 'pending',
    handle_by BIGINT,
    FOREIGN KEY (elderly_id) REFERENCES user(user_id),
    FOREIGN KEY (handle_by) REFERENCES user(user_id)
);

5. 药品记录表（`medication_record`）

sql

CREATE TABLE medication_record (
    record_id BIGINT PRIMARY KEY AUTO_INCREMENT,
    elderly_id BIGINT NOT NULL,
    medicine_name VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,
    dosage VARCHAR(50),
    frequency VARCHAR(50),
    start_time DATETIME,
    end_time DATETIME,
    next_dose_time DATETIME,
    status ENUM('active', 'completed', 'cancelled') DEFAULT 'active',
    FOREIGN KEY (elderly_id) REFERENCES user(user_id)
);

三、后端接口源码详解

1. 用户注册接口

java

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/api/user")
public class UserController {

    @Autowired
    private UserService userService;

    @PostMapping("/register")
    public Result register(@RequestBody UserRegisterDTO registerDTO) {
        // 校验参数
        if (registerDTO.getUsername() == null || registerDTO.getPassword() == null) {
            return Result.fail("用户名和密码不能为空");
        }
        // 调用服务层注册
        boolean success = userService.register(registerDTO);
        if (success) {
            return Result.success("注册成功");
        } else {
            return Result.fail("注册失败，用户名已存在");
        }
    }
}

@Service
public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService {

    @Autowired
    private UserMapper userMapper;

    @Override
    public boolean register(UserRegisterDTO registerDTO) {
        // 检查用户名是否已存在
        User existingUser = userMapper.findByUsername(registerDTO.getUsername());
        if (existingUser != null) {
            return false;
        }
        // 创建新用户
        User user = new User();
        user.setUsername(registerDTO.getUsername());
        user.setPassword(BCrypt.hashpw(registerDTO.getPassword(), BCrypt.gensalt()));
        user.setRole(registerDTO.getRole());
        userMapper.insert(user);
        return true;
    }
}

2. 健康数据上传接口

java

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/api/health")
public class HealthDataController {

    @Autowired
    private HealthDataService healthDataService;

    @PostMapping("/upload")
    public Result uploadHealthData(@RequestBody HealthDataDTO healthDataDTO) {
        // 校验参数
        if (healthDataDTO.getUserId() == null) {
            return Result.fail("用户ID不能为空");
        }
        // 保存健康数据
        healthDataService.saveHealthData(healthDataDTO);
        return Result.success("数据上传成功");
    }
}

@Service
public class HealthDataServiceImpl implements HealthDataService {

    @Autowired
    private HealthDataMapper healthDataMapper;

    @Override
    public void saveHealthData(HealthDataDTO healthDataDTO) {
        HealthData healthData = new HealthData();
        healthData.setUserId(healthDataDTO.getUserId());
        healthData.setHeartRate(healthDataDTO.getHeartRate());
        healthData.setBloodPressure(healthDataDTO.getBloodPressure());
        healthData.setBloodSugar(healthDataDTO.getBloodSugar());
        healthDataMapper.insert(healthData);
    }
}

3. 服务订单创建接口

java

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/api/order")
public class ServiceOrderController {

    @Autowired
    private ServiceOrderService serviceOrderService;

    @PostMapping("/create")
    public Result createOrder(@RequestBody ServiceOrderDTO orderDTO) {
        // 校验参数
        if (orderDTO.getElderlyId() == null || orderDTO.getNurseId() == null) {
            return Result.fail("老人ID和护工ID不能为空");
        }
        // 创建服务订单
        boolean success = serviceOrderService.createOrder(orderDTO);
        if (success) {
            return Result.success("订单创建成功");
        } else {
            return Result.fail("订单创建失败");
        }
    }
}

@Service
public class ServiceOrderServiceImpl implements ServiceOrderService {

    @Autowired
    private ServiceOrderMapper serviceOrderMapper;

    @Override
    public boolean createOrder(ServiceOrderDTO orderDTO) {
        ServiceOrder order = new ServiceOrder();
        order.setElderlyId(orderDTO.getElderlyId());
        order.setNurseId(orderDTO.getNurseId());
        order.setServiceType(orderDTO.getServiceType());
        order.setStartTime(orderDTO.getStartTime());
        order.setEndTime(orderDTO.getEndTime());
        order.setStatus("pending");
        int rows = serviceOrderMapper.insert(order);
        return rows > 0;
    }
}

4. 紧急求助处理接口

java

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/api/emergency")
public class EmergencyAlertController {

    @Autowired
    private EmergencyAlertService emergencyAlertService;

    @PostMapping("/trigger")
    public Result triggerEmergency(@RequestBody EmergencyAlertDTO alertDTO) {
        // 校验参数
        if (alertDTO.getElderlyId() == null) {
            return Result.fail("老人ID不能为空");
        }
        // 触发紧急求助
        boolean success = emergencyAlertService.triggerAlert(alertDTO);
        if (success) {
            return Result.success("求助已触发");
        } else {
            return Result.fail("求助触发失败");
        }
    }
}

@Service
public class EmergencyAlertServiceImpl implements EmergencyAlertService {

    @Autowired
    private EmergencyAlertMapper emergencyAlertMapper;

    @Override
    public boolean triggerAlert(EmergencyAlertDTO alertDTO) {
        EmergencyAlert alert = new EmergencyAlert();
        alert.setElderlyId(alertDTO.getElderlyId());
        alert.setLocation(alertDTO.getLocation());
        alert.setStatus("pending");
        int rows = emergencyAlertMapper.insert(alert);
        return rows > 0;
    }
}

5. 药品提醒接口

java

@RestController
@RequestMapping("/api/medication")
public class MedicationRecordController {

    @Autowired
    private MedicationRecordService medicationRecordService;

    @GetMapping("/remind/{elderlyId}")
    public Result remindMedication(@PathVariable Long elderlyId) {
        // 获取老人未完成的药品记录
        List<MedicationRecord> records = medicationRecordService.getPendingRecords(elderlyId);
        if (records.isEmpty()) {
            return Result.success("没有需要提醒的药品");
        }
        // 返回需要提醒的药品列表
        return Result.success(records);
    }
}

@Service
public class MedicationRecordServiceImpl implements MedicationRecordService {

    @Autowired
    private MedicationRecordMapper medicationRecordMapper;

    @Override
    public List<MedicationRecord> getPendingRecords(Long elderlyId) {
        return medicationRecordMapper.selectByElderlyIdAndStatus(elderlyId, "active");
    }
}

四、技术选型分析

后端框架：SpringBoot，提供快速开发、易于部署和扩展的微服务架构。
数据库：MySQL，支持高并发访问和数据持久化，适合存储结构化数据。
缓存：Redis，缓存热点数据（如用户登录状态、实时心率），提升系统响应速度。
消息队列：RocketMQ，异步处理订单状态变更等非实时任务。
实时通信：Netty + WebSocket，实现护工与用户位置共享和实时通知。
前端框架：Vue.js，结合Vue语法，提升前端开发效率，实现动态数据绑定和组件化开发。
跨平台开发：Uniapp，支持微信小程序、H5网页端、原生APP等多端发布，降低开发成本。

https://edu.csdn.net/learn/39067/627173?utm_source=2019755004

汇聚全球AI编程工具，助力开发者即刻编程。

更多推荐

ChatGPT Plus续费前先查这4项：账号、套餐、日期和扣款渠道

AI编程社区

通过 Sub2API 配置 Claude CoWork 3P 渠道解锁 GPT-5.6 Sol

AI编程社区

保姆级！CodeX 与 CodeX CLI / IDE客户端安装及环境搭建 | 纯小白指南

进入->Plugins-> 搜索。安装完成后，在Tools->中：设置为。填入私有安全网关地址。勾选(开启多文件全局符号关联解析)。在 AI 范式深度演化与 Vibe Coding 普遍落地的当下，掌握 CodeX 的全套安装、配置、沙箱隔离与流水线自动化构建，是每一位极客开发者迈向智能化研发的必备功课。先搞定底层 Python/TypeScript SDK，确保 API 接入与代理链路畅通；全面