废话不多说直接执行如下命令

# 1. 装依赖
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install -y ca-certificates curl gnupg lsb-release

# 2. 建 keyrings 目录
sudo install -m 0755 -d /etc/apt/keyrings

# 3. 下载你看到的那个 gpg 文件，转成二进制 keyring
curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg \
  | sudo gpg --dearmor -o /etc/apt/keyrings/docker.gpg

# 4. 让 apt 能读
sudo chmod a+r /etc/apt/keyrings/docker.gpg

# 5. 清掉旧的可能错的 docker 源，重写（注意 signed-by 路径）
sudo rm -f /etc/apt/sources.list.d/docker.list
echo "deb [arch=$(dpkg --print-architecture) signed-by=/etc/apt/keyrings/docker.gpg] https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu $(lsb_release -cs) stable" \
  | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/docker.list > /dev/null

# 6. 再更新
sudo apt-get update